investment

Open Access Article

1 - The Effects of Technology Spillover Resulted from Foreign Direct Investment on the Industry Performance
Abolfazll Shahabadi Seyed Arash Valinia Zahra Ansari

According to many economists, since the multinational enterprises entering the host economy have relatively more modern technologies than domestic firms, developing countries can reduce their technological gap through FDI inflow channel. It should be noted that the tech More

According to many economists, since the multinational enterprises entering the host economy have relatively more modern technologies than domestic firms, developing countries can reduce their technological gap through FDI inflow channel. It should be noted that the technology spillover of foreign investors is a function of domestic capacity for absorbing these technological spillovers. Considering the determining role of industry sector in the world economy, the goal of present study is to investigate the spillover effects of foreign investment from technological perspective, on the performance of industry sector of Iran during 1995-2009 years, in form of development plans. The results of the study show that during the second development plan a considerable correlation did not exist among improving the human capital (as the absorption capacity criteria), absorbing the foreign investment, spillover effects, and the industry sector performance. While in the third development plan, the mentioned correlations were significant. The reasons for the above mentioned significant correlations are as follows: policy requirements of the third plan about improving the research and development in macro-level of the economy, passing new laws of protecting and spreading the foreign direct investment in 2002. It is worth noting that while the above mentioned correlations had improved during the fourth development plan compared to the second plan, it shows weaker performance in comparison with the third plan. As a result, it should be noted that the mentioned correlations in industry sector were not significant during 1995-2002 years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Relationship between flow of foreign direct investment and innovation of Iran in comparison with prospective documented countries
Abolfazll Shahabadi Nima Nilofarforoushan

In the present era, innovation as a necessity for sustainable economic growth and development, improvement of living standards and economic prosperity of people has been considered by economic experts. On the other hand, the development of innovation in each country req More

In the present era, innovation as a necessity for sustainable economic growth and development, improvement of living standards and economic prosperity of people has been considered by economic experts. On the other hand, the development of innovation in each country requires a capital formation to secure the necessary financing. All countries, developing ones in particular, can through flow of foreign direct investments attract financial resources and transfer of technology to create a platform for innovation to grow and thrive. Therefore considering the important role of innovation and foreign direct investment in increasing the competitive strength, this study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investments and innovative visions in Iran’s economy compared to outlook of documented countries during the period between 1995 and 2008. The results of experimental studies indicate the existence of a two-way relationship between foreign direct investment and innovation in these countries. Amongst these countries, Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia have been most successful in attracting foreign direct investment and in the development of innovative components, while Yemen and Tajikistan have shown the weakest performance with respect to attracting the same. Moreover, based on the results, the status of the documented countries in terms of innovation and direct investment indicators is not satisfactory compared to the rest of the world. This may be attributed to problems of absorption capacity, inconsistencies between macro-economic policies, education and research policies, and…. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Factors Affecting Technology Transfer Process through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Plastic Industry
Farhad Shah miri Seyed reza Salami

Technology transfer is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which has been discussed from scientific, economic and political views not only in developing countries but also in western research institutions for many years. For diminishing the technological gap among advanced a More

Technology transfer is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which has been discussed from scientific, economic and political views not only in developing countries but also in western research institutions for many years. For diminishing the technological gap among advanced and less-developed countries, technology transfer (TT) is a must. TT ,depending on the situation of transferor and transferee, is done through different means. Importing products with high technology, tapping foreign technology, and employing international work force are among the most important methods for TT. Among these and the other general methods for doing so, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which is usually used by multinational companies, is the main method to access the advanced technologies in industrial countries. FDI usually consists of 3 main elements namely capital, management and technology. All these three elements in order to achieve advancement in developing countries are needed. In this article, having studied the technology transfer and FDI literature and problems of the plastic industry in Iran, 40 affecting variables in 2 main categories were identified. First category known as specialized variables, consists of 8 variables and the other encompasses 32 variables known as general variables. Above-mentioned variables were accommodated in a questionnaire. These questionnaires were distributed among 3 main groups which were active in TT and FDI. These three groups are activist in plastic industry, TT experts and experts in Organization for Investment, Economic & Technical Assistance of Iran. After analyzing the collected data, using exploratory factor analysis technique, 13 main factors were recognized after studying the related literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Effect of IT Investments on Customer Satisfaction
Behtaj Rasoli Poshte Jafar Bagheri Nejad

Almost two trillion dollars in the world are capital and expenditure in the field of information technology projects annually. It's been more than a decade that researchers have discussed business value of information technology investment. Also plenty of investment has More

Almost two trillion dollars in the world are capital and expenditure in the field of information technology projects annually. It's been more than a decade that researchers have discussed business value of information technology investment. Also plenty of investment has been spent to satisfy the customer and shopping experience in fields which are related to information technology. For example, firms have experienced low investment of information technology such as the Internet Services providers and high investment of information technology such as comprehensive information systems for the implementing and enforcing human resources planning. This article is a result of research on information technology and intends to review information technology investments and technologies such as Customer Relationship Management and determine its impact on customer satisfaction. Comparative analysis of findings showed that there is a direct relationship between information technology investment of organizations and customer satisfaction in wide-scale. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Survey of Intellectual Property Rights on Foreign Direct Investment in D8- Countries
Mohammad Hasan Fotros Abolfazl Najarzadeh Abadi

Intellectual property rights have a prominent role in long-term economic growth of the countries. In recent years International institutions such as WTO (World Trade Organization) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have suggested to their member countr More

Intellectual property rights have a prominent role in long-term economic growth of the countries. In recent years International institutions such as WTO (World Trade Organization) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have suggested to their member countries the provision and the fortification of these rights. The existing gap between developed and developing countries in the field of property rights systems is also a distinguishing factor that affects the level of foreign direct investment and the flow of private international capitals. The present article by an index analysis of the data within the period of 1985-2005 of D8 countries investigates and compares the role of intellectual property rights on the foreign direct investment in these countries. The main question is that whether the protection of intellectual rights has a positive effect on foreign direct investment in the D8 group countries or not. The results of this survey indicate that the relationship between intellectual property rights and foreign direct investment varies according to the infrastructural capacities and the level of development of these countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Knowledge Management and Economic Aspects
Gholamreza Malekzadeh

One of the most important challenges in acceptance and implementing Knowledge management philosophy in knowledge based and technological organizations is to answer some questions such as :“what is the rate of Return on investment (ROI)?” , “how we can calculate it?” and More

One of the most important challenges in acceptance and implementing Knowledge management philosophy in knowledge based and technological organizations is to answer some questions such as :“what is the rate of Return on investment (ROI)?” , “how we can calculate it?” and “What are consultant and education costs for establishing new managerial and organizational structures?” In this article some of financial aspects of Knowledge management including ROI calculations and time value of knowledge will be discussed. Also costs of establishing and developing information infrastructures, overhead costs, tangible and intangible costs and assets and investing methods in new technologies will be considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - An Optimized Structure for VC Investment Companies
Amir Erfanian Saeed Shirazi

This article seeks to browse among history, role, significance as well as economic function of venture capitals. To this end, it is endeavored to consider venture capital concept with a comprehensive and full detailed view. Therefore, in order to clarify the concept of More

This article seeks to browse among history, role, significance as well as economic function of venture capitals. To this end, it is endeavored to consider venture capital concept with a comprehensive and full detailed view. Therefore, in order to clarify the concept of venture capitals, we have assumed a lot of related key words. Yet, due to abundance of related key words and based on this fact that many of them have convergence with each other, therefore, an objective of this paper is to elaborate the mentioned terms. It is worth mentioning that necessity, significance and the role of such investments in economy and especially in investment scopes, have also been surveyed in this article. As a matter of fact, entrepreneurs are one of the main elements of every venture capital; therefore, we have tried to give enough information about their roles in this regard. Anyhow, this article plans to provide a proposed structure for carrying out venture capitals by investment companies, which is applicable domestically. For this reason, we have provided related records of global venture capital companies along with domestic ones. Based on previous propounded subjects, final part of the article is allocated to introduction of a feasible proposed structure for carrying out venture capitalism by investment companies. According to the accomplished studies, all of domestic venture capital companies have been established by the government, which their number does not exceed the fingers of a hand. Thus, shortage of these companies is obviously felt in domestic financial market and as before mentioned; lack of a feasible structure to do such investments is a main reason for this vacancy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effects of Technology Spillover and Internal Research & Development (R&D) on Growth of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Iran's Oil and Gas Sector
tayyebeh pourmandbakhshayesh Behzad Salmani mohammadmehdi bargioskooi

10.52547/jstpi.20794.16.64.72

20.1001.1.17355486.1399.16.64.2.7

The economy consists of several sections, and the performance of each sector plays a private part in the progress of the economy. The oil and gas sector, as one of the economic sectors in Iran, plays an important and undeniable role due to the main source of government More

The economy consists of several sections, and the performance of each sector plays a private part in the progress of the economy. The oil and gas sector, as one of the economic sectors in Iran, plays an important and undeniable role due to the main source of government revenue. Therefore, checking the performance of this sector can be important for the economic development of the country. The study of total factor productivity is one of the ways to examine the performance of sectors, which indicates the optimal growth of the economy of that sector. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of Technology Spillover and Research and Development (R&D) on growth of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of the oil and gas sector in Iran for the period (1394-1394). Important factors of Technology Spillover include Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and imports of capital goods and intermediates. Accumulation internal Research and Development (R&D) and human capital also are considered as internal impact factors. The results proved that foreign direct investment, and the imports of capital goods, and intermediates as important channels of technology spillover have a positive influence on growth of total factor productivity (TFP) of the oil and gas sector in Iran. The results also highlight a positive impact of human capital. By contrast, results of our estimation show a negative impact of R&D on growth of total factor productivity (TFP) of the oil and gas sector in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Identifying and prioritizing the barriers of "technology transfer through foreign direct investment" in the petrochemical industry
seid rokn oldin mortazavinejad fariba nazari

10.52547/jstpi.20845.17.67.1

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.67.2.0

The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the barriers to technology transfer through attracting foreign direct investment in the country's petrochemical industry. This research is in terms of its purpose in terms of exploratory approach and exploratory studies More

The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the barriers to technology transfer through attracting foreign direct investment in the country's petrochemical industry. This research is in terms of its purpose in terms of exploratory approach and exploratory studies. The statistical population of the present study was management and academic experts in the petrochemical industry, whose shared point of control was full knowledge of the industry. It should be noted that in the process of selecting this expert group, the "judgment sampling" method was used. Accordingly, a group of 35 experts was selected and contributed to the research. The main tools for collecting data in this research were questionnaires designed for different purposes and distributed among the statistical population. It should be noted that the first questionnaire was designed with the aim of identifying barriers and redesigned. The second questionnaire was screened and categorized identified barriers in a closed way based on the Likert five-point spectrum. Finally, a third questionnaire with the aim of determining the weights and rank of each The obstacles and paired comparisons were designed. After distributing and collecting data, the necessary analyzes were done through the software SSS, MATLAB and Excel. In this process, analyzes such as t-test (t), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, exploratory factor analysis, and fuzzy hierarchical process analysis process were performed. The research results identified 3 main obstacles (host country barriers, guest barriers, technology barriers) and 20 barriers and ranked them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Influence of competition intensity on the performance components of the organization in the metal industry
Javad Naseri Mostafa Mobalighi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition intensity on the performance components of the organization (investment and financial dimension, customer, internal process and learning) in the metal industry. The research method is descriptive-sur More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition intensity on the performance components of the organization (investment and financial dimension, customer, internal process and learning) in the metal industry. The research method is descriptive-survey and is applied in terms of purpose. From 230 senior managers in the field of metal industry in East Azerbaijan province, using Cochran's formula, a sample of 144 people was randomly taken from this community. The research tool was a questionnaire and in order to check the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, in content validity by asking experts and in assessing the validity of the structure, factor analysis of research variables was used. Cronback alpha for all questionnaire questions was 0.902, which confirms the high reliability of the questionnaire. Kolmogorovw-Smirnov test was used to distribute the data and the results showed that all factors in the sample followed the normal distribution. To analyze the hypotheses, regression test was used and SPSS software was used to analyze and process the research data. According to the research findings, the intensity of competition affects the financial dimension, customer dimension, internal processes dimension and the organization's learning processes dimension. The results of regression tables showed that the intensity of competition has the greatest impact on the customer dimension of the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Identifying and Ranking Negotiable Items with Startups from Venture Capitalists' Perspective
Rahi Zandifar DANIAL DANA

10.61186/jstpi.39469.19.76.1

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.14.4

Venture capital is a tool for funding innovative and knowledge-based companies. The degree of importance that venture capitalists place on negotiable items is one of the challenges associated with this type of investment. Furthermore, investors' flexibility is a crucial More

Venture capital is a tool for funding innovative and knowledge-based companies. The degree of importance that venture capitalists place on negotiable items is one of the challenges associated with this type of investment. Furthermore, investors' flexibility is a crucial component of the VC investment process. The purpose of this research was to identify and rank what venture capitalists consider negotiable with startups. For this purpose, the negotiable items were identified through a literature review and then the validity of the questionnaires was evaluated and approved by experts. Consequently, the data of 26 experts in the field of the venture capital industry in Iran is collected through two questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale. Reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha. Therefore, the research method was a descriptive survey based on the nature and data collection, and in terms of purpose, it was a practical development. Finally, the data were analyzed and ranked using multi-criteria decision-making algorithm (Shannon’s entropy and TOPSIS) based on the degree of importance and flexibility attributes. According to the findings of this study, these negotiable items fell into the descending order based on two criteria including importance and flexibility: preferred stock, board control (control rights), pro-rata rights, investment amount, valuation, performance indicator, liquidation preference rights, ownership stake, information rights, vesting, anti-dilution rights, tag-along rights, drag-along rights, option pool, dividends, participation rights, pay to play provisions and redemption rights (repurchase rights). Manuscript profile

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